Maya crashes when opening scene file

Issue:

At the attempt to load any file or a specific scene file in Maya, the program crashes. In some cases, a fatal error occurs with the crash. A customer error report window might be displayed.

Causes:

There are multiple potential causes for this behavior:

Unsupported System Requirements or Graphics Card.
Corrupt scene file.
A plug-in that was originally used to create the scene file is not loaded, or is no longer installed.
Corrupted Preferences.

Solution:

Choose from the options to solve the issues:

Unsupported or unmet system requirements

Use the following resources to confirm that the computer meets the necessary requirements to run Maya in a stable fashion:

Corrupt scene file

If the file is corrupt, revert to a previous version of the file. If possible save as Maya ASCII as they are usually more possible to recover from corruption.
In some cases, importing the scene file into a new (empty) Maya scene can resolve the issues.
If only specific elements of the scene are corrupted, use the Optimize Scene Size tool to remove those nodes.
To avoid data loss due to corrupted files in future, consider to use Auto Save in case that no versions of the scene file have been saved

Note: The Optimize Scene Size operation cannot be undone. Always save a backup copy of the file before using this tool.

Plug-in data

Missing or unloaded plugins can cause issues when loading a file in Maya.

If a required plug-in is still installed, load the plug-in through the Plug-in Manager.
If the file is in ASCII format, open it in a text document and remove the line where it requires the plug-in.

Corrupted Maya Preferences

Use the following guide to clear out corrupted preferences: How to reset the Maya Preferences to Default.

Run Maya Security Plugin

Utilize the Maya Security Tool to clean the file to ensure it’s not being impacted by a malicious script.
Security Tools for Autodesk® Maya® 2023 – 2015 | Maya | Autodesk App Store

Source: Autodesk